OpenAI has uncovered a growing trend of foreign threat actors using its tools, including ChatGPT, to strengthen existing cyberattack methods.
The report details how state-linked groups from China, Russia, North Korea, and other regions have incorporated AI into operations targeting businesses, governments, and media outlets.
OpenAI found no evidence that these groups developed new forms of attack. Instead, they use AI to increase the speed, scale, and precision of existing tactics.
The company disrupted more than 40 malicious networks after identifying abnormal usage patterns linked to state-backed entities.
How AI Supports Cyber Operations
OpenAI’s investigation revealed several ways adversaries use ChatGPT and similar tools to enhance their activity:
- Phishing and Social Engineering: Threat actors create highly convincing emails and scripts that imitate trusted sources.
- Malware Development: Some groups use AI to debug malicious code, test payloads, or craft fake login pages.
- Propaganda and Influence Campaigns: AI-generated content amplifies political messaging and manipulates online narratives.
- Technical Reconnaissance: Attackers request code snippets, network configuration tips, or explanations for vulnerabilities.
These actions show how AI helps make old techniques faster and harder to detect.
Countries and Groups Involved
OpenAI identified several foreign threat actors misusing AI tools for coordinated cyber operations:
- China-linked groups used ChatGPT for influence campaigns and network mapping.
- Russian hackers applied AI to refine phishing templates and obfuscate malware.
- North Korean operators leveraged AI in fake recruitment and spear-phishing schemes.
- Smaller regional actors, including those in Southeast Asia and Africa, adopted AI for scams and misinformation.
By embedding AI in their workflows, these groups reduced effort while increasing reach and complexity.
The Growing Security Challenge
AI has become a force multiplier for cybercriminals.
It lowers the technical barrier to entry and allows attackers to scale faster than before.
Security experts warn that AI-assisted operations could soon overwhelm defenses if organizations fail to adapt.
OpenAI continues to strengthen its monitoring systems to detect suspicious prompts and usage patterns.
The company also cooperates with cybersecurity agencies to prevent AI from becoming a global attack vector.
Conclusion
The rise of foreign threat actors using ChatGPT highlights the double-edged nature of AI innovation.
While these tools boost productivity for legitimate users, they also empower adversaries to automate and disguise cyberattacks.
OpenAI’s findings prove that the next phase of cybersecurity will depend on balancing accessibility, safety, and strict oversight of AI technology.
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